To start researching and getting information about the four main cities we are producing posters for, Beth Sam and I chose one of the cities and looked at there Industry history.
The history of Manchester encompasses its change from a minor Lancastrian township into the pre-eminent industrial metropolis of the United Kingdom and the world. Manchester began expanding "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century as part of a process of unplanned urbanisation brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution. The transformation took little more than a century.
Having evolved from a Roman castrum in Celtic Britain, many centuries later Manchester was the site of the world's first passenger railway station and many scientific achievements of great importance. Manchester also led the political and economic reform of 19th-century Britain as the vanguard of free trade. The mid-20th century saw a decline in Manchester's industrial importance, prompting a depression in social and economic conditions. Subsequent investment, gentrification, and rebranding from the 1990s onwards changed its fortunes, and reinvigorated Manchester as a post-industrial city with multiple sporting, broadcasting, and educational institutions.
The world's first industrial estate
Trafford Park in Stretford (outside the ciy boundaries) was the world's first industrial estate and still exists today, though with a significant tourist and recreational presence. Manchester suffered greatly from the inter-war depression and the underlying structural changes that began to supplant the old industries, including textile manufacture.
Liverpool -
By the start of the nineteenth century, a large volume of trade was passing through Liverpool. In 1830, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway was opened. The population grew rapidly, especially with Irish migrants; by 1851, one quarter of the city's population was Irish-born. As growth continued, the city became known as "the second city of the Empire", and was also called "the New York of Europe". During the Second World War, the city was the centre for planning the crucial Battle of the Atlantic, and suffered a blitz second only to London's.
From the mid-twentieth century, Liverpool's docks and traditional manufacturing industries went into sharp decline, with the advent of containerisation making the city's docks obsolete. The unemployment rate in Liverpool rose to one of the highest in the UK. Over the same period, starting in the early 1960s, the city became internationally renowned for its culture, particularly as the centre of the "Merseybeat" sound which became synonymous with The Beatles. In recent years, Liverpool's economy has recovered, partly due to tourism as well as substantial investment in regeneration schemes. The city was a European Capital of Culture in 2008.
Leeds-
Leeds began as a small market town, which gradually became an important centre for the marketing of woollen cloth. After the Industrial Revolution it was transformed into a major industrial city which was known as 'the city that made everything.'
Find out about the reasons why Leeds became such an important industrial centre, the eighteenth century woollen industry, and the men who pioneered the industrial revolution in Leeds. Illustrations from nineteenth century business guides tell us what the old factories looked like, and the variety of goods they made.The story of industrial Leeds is also about the decline of manufacturing industry in the twentieth century, and of how, through the growth of new industries, Leeds has once again become a major industrial city.
Hull-
History of Hull
The Humber estuary links the rivers of Yorkshire and the East Midlands with the North Sea. Hull grew up in the middle ages, where the River Hull joins the Humber.
Hull developed as a port through which wool from its surrounding area was exported to northern Europe, and through which the raw materials of the Baltic region - principally timber - were imported into England.
Sea-going ships anchored in the mouth of the Hull to transfer cargo to and from smaller vessels which could sail up the rivers to Beverley, Nottingham, Knottingley, Selby and York.
A port of importance
In 1293, King Edward I bought the port to use as a supply base for his military campaigns in Scotland. In 1299, the king founded the borough of Kingston-upon-Hull on the site, and this name is still the formal title of the city.
Hull continued to be an important port in the later middle ages. It exported lead and grain as well as wool. Imports included cloth from the Netherlands, iron-ore from Sweden, oil seed from the Baltic and timber from Riga and Norway. Timber and oil seed continue to be major imports through the port of Hull to the present day.
Some Hull merchants grew very rich. The De La Pole family became wealthy enough to join the ranks of the English aristocracy, and for one brief period in the 1400s, become heirs to the throne.
The growth of trade and industry
Increasing trade on the back of the agricultural and industrial developments in Yorkshire and the East Midlands saw Hull’s development as a port accelerate in the 18th century. The first dock was opened in 1778 and others were constructed over the next 150 years. The population of the town also increased, and Hull outgrew its medieval walls as spacious middle-class suburbs developed to the west and east of the town. The 19th century saw the establishment of industries based on processing raw materials imported through the port, such as corn milling and seed crushing.
The late 18th century saw the rise of the whaling trade in Hull. By 1800, 40% of the country’s whalers sailed from the town, and the trade brought increased prosperity to Hull until it began to decline through over-fishing in the mid 19th century.
By then, the fishing industry itself was beginning to take off in Hull. In the 1840s, the “silver pits” – a very fish-rich part of the North Sea – led to fishermen from Devon and Kent migrating to the Humber, at first seasonally and then permanently. The introduction in the late 19th century of new fishing methods – the “trawl” – and of steam powered trawlers, meant that Hull fishermen fished as far a field as Iceland and the White Sea.
Trade and industry in Hull were boosted by the arrival of the rail link with Leeds in 1840. Other railways followed, including the Hull and Barnsley Railway and associated dock which were opened in 1885 to break the perceived local monopoly of the North Eastern Railway.
Development:
After looking at the brief history of all of the cities i decided to try and produce small signifiers for the individual places.
Reflecting on the history about some of cities i produced some little vectors to represent the places these could be used as logos or cities identifiers that could collectively come together to represent a logo.
Hull - Port or Ship:
First development:
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